Columbus Day, observed on the second Monday of October in the United States, commemorates Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas on October 12, 1492. While the holiday traditionally celebrated the explorer's "discovery" of the New World, it has evolved into a day that recognizes and honors the contributions of Italian-Americans to American culture and society. However, Columbus Day has sparked debate and controversy in recent years due to concerns about the treatment of Indigenous peoples and a more critical examination of Columbus's impact. Some states and municipalities have replaced or supplemented the observance with Indigenous Peoples' Day, acknowledging and celebrating the rich history and diverse cultures of Native American communities. The day prompts reflection on historical narratives and cultural perspectives, encouraging a broader understanding of America's complex past.